A plant factory is a controlled environment agriculture facility where crops are grown hydroponically or aeroponically under strictly controlled conditions, such as temperature, light, humidity, and nutrients. These facilities utilize advanced technologies such as LED lighting, automated climate control systems, and nutrient monitoring to optimize plant growth and production. Plant factories can produce crops year-round in a highly efficient and sustainable manner, using minimal water and space compared to traditional farming methods. This research area focuses on developing and implementing innovative technologies to increase crop yield, quality, and consistency in indoor farming environments.